What Is A Lead-Acid Battery?
Lead-acid batteries represent a vital component of our energy landscape, utilizing lead compounds (specifically lead dioxide) as the positive electrode material, metal lead as the negative electrode material, and sulfuric acid solution as the electrolyte. They harness and deliver electrical energy through a chemical reaction involving lead and sulfuric acid.
Positive and Negative Terminals: These crucial components, crafted from lead, serve as the connectors to external power-consuming devices.
Vent Plugs: Each set of electrodes is equipped with vent plugs, facilitating the replacement of distilled or deionized water when needed. Additionally, they provide an avenue for the release of gases generated within the battery.
Connecting Pieces: Composed of lead, these pieces establish electrical connections between electrode plates of the same polarity, bridging the gap between electrodes.
Battery Box and Box Cover: While bakelite was once used, today polypropylene or polymer materials are typically employed for constructing the battery box and cover.
Sulfuric Acid Solution: Serving as the electrolyte within the battery.
Electrode Separators: These separators, usually integrated with the battery box and made from the same material, ensure chemical and electrical isolation between electrodes. They are connected in series to boost the final voltage supplied by the battery.
Electrode Plate Separators: Made from PVC and other porous materials, these separators prevent physical contact between adjacent circuit boards while permitting ion movement in the electrolyte.
Negative Electrode Plate: Comprising a metal lead grid with a lead dioxide paste coating on its surface.
Positive Electrode Plate: Composed of a metal lead plate.
Battery Electrode: A series of positive and negative electrode plates arranged sequentially and separated by separators. Electrode plates of the same polarity are connected within the electrical appliance.
When a lead-acid battery powers an external device, several simultaneous chemical reactions unfol.